Warbirds in my Workshop

David Glen BSc (Hons) MSc, Model Maker, Journalist and Author

Formerly Spitfire in my Workshop

Wing undersurfaces: Riveting


Sunday, 8th October, 2017

I have documented my technique for ‘riveting’ the metal skin panels of my 1:5 scale models so often here and elsewhere that it needs no further elaboration, so I will let my photographs of the process on the underwing of the Spitfire speak for themselves.

The skinning and riveting of the underside of the wings has taken most of the summer: The number of tiny holes to be ‘drilled and filled’ is simply vast and it cannot be rushed. Yet despite the seemingly endless repetition, it is something that I quite enjoy; with care and concentration it is simplicity itself to do, and much welcomed ‘therapy’ after those many other more challenging and less well charted tasks where irrecoverable disaster may only be a misstep away!

The plethora of inspection doors and panels that characterises the undersurfaces of the Spitfire’s mainplanes also makes itself felt at this fine detailing stage. Where there are thousands of rivets, there are also several hundreds of screw ‘fasteners’, some of them tiny, and each one of which has to be put in accurately and individually and without damage or distortion to the fragile aluminium skin, much of it rendered ultra soft as a result of the annealing process.

When sourcing screws – countersunk, round, or cheese head – I habitually stick to the British Association (BA) series so well loved by model engineers in the UK. I source stock in steel or brass ranging from tiny 16BA through 14, 12, 10 and 9 BA and occasionally larger; and most of these feature somewhere on the wing.

Make no mistake, these tiny fixings are expensive to buy, and some are becoming increasingly hard to come by as manufacturers increase not only their prices but also minimum order requirements, to the extent that traditional model engineer suppliers are finding it no longer viable to stock items that I have been using routinely for decades.  It is a worrying development: Where ‘flush head rivets’ can be substituted for, or even supplanted by, aluminium wire, no such simple alternative is available for slot headed screws!


Back to Spitfire Mk IX Diary

The port wing with the drilling stage almost complete. Note how the rivet head diameters vary as reflected in the different diameter holes.
Each run of rivets is pitched out from the drawing, then the individual holes 'centred' with a sharp pointed scriber. To ensure accuracy, drilling involves a 1/32-in. pilot hole followed by the finished drill size. Finally, all the holes are shamphered very slightly, which enhances the finished effect.
In this picture most of the rivets have been emplaced,each with a tiny dab of superglue, and then clipped almost flush with end cutters. The laborious process of rubbing them down flush with abrasive paper is underway.
The gun bay covers are made of slightly thicker alloy sheet and stand proud of the surface. These will be detailed at a later stage when the surrounding skin plates are complete.
The rubbing down process involves several grades of wet and dry paper from 350-400 to 800-1200. I work in small areas at a time, taking care to stop while the rivets can still be felt with the fingers. Go too far and the effect is diminished.
Once the rubbing down is complete the many and various steel screw fasteners can be added.
The technique I describe above is hugely labour intensive. It can also be unpleasant, when at the rubbing down stage hands and clothes become covered in black grime. It is wise to wear a mask. Of all the operations required in building my models, this is poabably the most profoundly time consuming. Yet to my knowledge there is no other technique that captures quite so well the look and feel of real rivets, even down to the subtle dimples in the alloy skin!
Mustang in my Workshop book cover

Mustang in my Workshop

A book to inspire, encourage and empower the enthusiastic model maker to scratch build a masterpiece.